The fakes list

They never said that.

109 famous quotes credited to the wrong person — with who really said it, or where the trail goes cold. Einstein, Twain and Gandhi are the usual victims; quotes drift to the most famous name that fits.

Mark Twain

6 not theirs

Misquoted
The reports of my death are greatly exaggerated.

The real words: What he actually wrote (New York Journal, 2 June 1897): "The report of my death was an exaggeration." The punchier version is a later polish.

Not theirs
Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you didn't do than by the ones you did do.

Actually: From H. Jackson Brown's book P.S. I Love You (1990), where it is credited to Brown's mother. Twain died in 1910.

Not theirs
Golf is a good walk spoiled.

Actually: Twain scholar R. Kent Rasmussen says he probably never said it; an early version ("to play golf is to spoil an otherwise enjoyable walk") appears in a 1903 tennis book.

Not theirs
The coldest winter I ever spent was a summer in San Francisco.

Actually: Origin unknown. Twain's real comments on San Francisco weather were mild and complimentary.

Not theirs
History doesn't repeat itself, but it does rhyme.

Actually: The earliest known appearance is a 1970 poem by John Robert Colombo — sixty years after Twain's death.

Not theirs
I would have written a shorter letter, but I did not have the time.

Actually: Blaise Pascal, Provincial Letters, Letter 16 (1657).

Albert Einstein

5 not theirs

Not theirs
Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.

Actually: Appears in a 1981 Narcotics Anonymous text and in Rita Mae Brown's novel Sudden Death (1983). Not in any Einstein source.

Not theirs
Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.

Actually: No evidence Einstein said or wrote it; versions of the fish-and-tree fable circulated without his name long before.

Not theirs
Any intelligent fool can make things bigger, more complex, and more violent. It takes a touch of genius — and a lot of courage — to move in the opposite direction.

Actually: E. F. Schumacher, "Small is Beautiful", The Radical Humanist (1973).

Not theirs
It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity.

Actually: Not in The Ultimate Quotable Einstein or any reliable source; Quote Investigator traces it to an internet meme around 2012.

Not theirs
If the bee disappeared off the face of the earth, man would only have four years left to live.

Actually: First tied to Einstein in a 1994 leaflet from French beekeepers protesting cheap honey imports.

Mahatma Gandhi

5 not theirs

Misquoted
Be the change you wish to see in the world.

The real words: A modern condensation. What Gandhi wrote (Indian Opinion, 1913) is longer: "If we could change ourselves, the tendencies in the world would also change… We need not wait to see what others do."

Not theirs
First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win.

Actually: No record of Gandhi saying it. A close version appears in a 1918 speech by US union organiser Nicholas Klein.

Not theirs
An eye for an eye will make the whole world blind.

Actually: Never found in Gandhi's writings; it became famous through the 1982 film Gandhi. Similar lines appear earlier from others.

Not theirs
Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever.

Actually: An old proverb, attributed to medieval writers and printed in English in 1867 — two years before Gandhi was born.

Not theirs
The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.

Actually: Not in Gandhi's Collected Works. A similar idea comes from the German theologian David Strauss (1872).

Winston Churchill

4 not theirs

Misquoted
Never, never, never give up.

The real words: At Harrow School (29 October 1941) he said: "never give in, never give in, never, never, never, never — in nothing, great or small…"

Not theirs
Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts.

Actually: Quote Investigator found the earliest close version in a 1938 Budweiser advertisement.

Not theirs
If you're going through hell, keep going.

Actually: No evidence Churchill said or wrote it; the Churchill Project lists it as spurious.

Not theirs
A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.

Actually: The Churchill Project lists it among things he never said.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

3 not theirs

Not theirs
Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.

Actually: Closest early version is by the poet Muriel Strode (1903): "I will not follow where the path may lead, but I will go where there is no path, and I will leave a trail."

Not theirs
What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us.

Actually: Henry Stanley Haskins, Meditations in Wall Street (1940).

Not theirs
To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment.

Actually: Not found in Emerson's essays, journals or letters; the attribution is modern.

Abraham Lincoln

3 not theirs

No source found
You can fool all the people some of the time, and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time.

The trail: Credited to Lincoln since about 1885, twenty years after his death, with no contemporary record.

Not theirs
Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.

Actually: No contemporary evidence; early versions credit an anonymous woodsman.

Not theirs
Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man's character, give him power.

Actually: Robert G. Ingersoll writing about Lincoln in 1883 — a compliment, later turned into a quote.

Voltaire

3 not theirs

Not theirs
I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.

Actually: Evelyn Beatrice Hall, summing up Voltaire's attitude in The Friends of Voltaire (1906).

Not theirs
To learn who rules over you, simply find out who you are not allowed to criticize.

Actually: Traced to the American white-nationalist writer Kevin Alfred Strom (1993). Nothing to do with Voltaire.

Not theirs
Judge a man by his questions rather than by his answers.

Actually: Pierre-Marc-Gaston de Lévis, Maximes et réflexions (1808).

George Bernard Shaw

2 not theirs

Not theirs
Life isn't about finding yourself. Life is about creating yourself.

Actually: No trace in Shaw's plays, prefaces or letters; it was attached to his name long after his death.

No source found
Youth is wasted on the young.

The trail: Constantly credited to Shaw, but no one has found it in his work.

Aristotle

2 not theirs

Not theirs
We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.

Actually: Will Durant summarising Aristotle in The Story of Philosophy (1926).

Misquoted
It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.

The real words: Not in Aristotle. His real line (Nicomachean Ethics I.3) is about expecting only as much precision as a subject allows.

Plato

2 not theirs

Not theirs
Only the dead have seen the end of war.

Actually: George Santayana, Soliloquies in England (1922).

Not theirs
Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle.

Actually: Traced to the Scottish minister John Watson ("Ian Maclaren"), around 1897.

Confucius

2 not theirs

Not theirs
Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life.

Actually: No Analects source; the saying appears only in 20th-century print.

No source found
It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.

The trail: No matching passage in the Analects.

Lao Tzu

2 not theirs

Not theirs
Watch your thoughts, they become words; watch your words, they become actions.

Actually: Quote Investigator traces it to Frank Outlaw, a US supermarket executive, in 1977.

No source found
When I let go of what I am, I become what I might be.

The trail: No such line in any translation of the Tao Te Ching.

Benjamin Franklin

2 not theirs

Not theirs
Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I learn.

Actually: A loose modern rendering of an idea from the Chinese philosopher Xunzi (3rd century BC). Not in Franklin.

Misquoted
Beer is proof that God loves us and wants us to be happy.

The real words: Franklin wrote about wine — rain turning into grapes — in a 1779 letter to André Morellet. Beer was added later.

Fyodor Dostoevsky

2 not theirs

Misquoted
If there is no God, everything is permitted.

The real words: A summary of Ivan Karamazov's argument as other characters report it. The exact sentence is not in the novel.

No source found
The degree of civilization in a society can be judged by entering its prisons.

The trail: Usually credited to The House of the Dead, but the sentence itself has not been found there.

William Shakespeare

2 not theirs

Misquoted
Now is the winter of our discontent.

The real words: Cut off mid-sentence. Richard III continues: "…made glorious summer by this sun of York" — the winter is over.

Misquoted
Methinks the lady doth protest too much.

The real words: The line in Hamlet (III.2) is "The lady doth protest too much, methinks" — and "protest" meant "promise", not "object".

Arthur Schopenhauer

2 not theirs

Misquoted
Talent hits a target no one else can hit; genius hits a target no one else can see.

The real words: Condensed from The World as Will and Representation, vol. 2, ch. 31: talent is like a marksman who hits a target others cannot reach; genius hits one they cannot even see.

Not theirs
All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident.

Actually: Not found anywhere in Schopenhauer's works; the attribution appears in the 20th century.

Victor Hugo

2 not theirs

Misquoted
Nothing is more powerful than an idea whose time has come.

The real words: Condensed from Histoire d'un crime (1877): an invasion of armies can be resisted, an invasion of ideas cannot.

Not theirs
To love another person is to see the face of God.

Actually: A lyric from the 1980 stage musical Les Misérables, not from Hugo's novel.

Walt Whitman

2 not theirs

No source found
Keep your face always toward the sunshine — and shadows will fall behind you.

The trail: Widely credited to Whitman, but not in Leaves of Grass or his prose.

Not theirs
Be curious, not judgmental.

Actually: Not Whitman. The line went viral from the TV series Ted Lasso (2020), which credited him.

Nelson Mandela

2 not theirs

Not theirs
Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure.

Actually: Marianne Williamson, A Return to Love (1992). Mandela never used it in his 1994 inaugural speech, despite the legend.

Not theirs
It always seems impossible until it's done.

Actually: No source has been found in Mandela's speeches, letters or books.

Eleanor Roosevelt

2 not theirs

Not theirs
Do one thing every day that scares you.

Actually: Mary Schmich, "Wear Sunscreen" column, Chicago Tribune (1997).

Galileo Galilei

2 not theirs

Misquoted
Mathematics is the language in which God has written the universe.

The real words: In The Assayer (1623) he wrote that the book of the universe "is written in the language of mathematics" — God is not in the sentence.

No source found
And yet it moves.

The trail: First printed in 1757, more than a century after his trial. No contemporary records it.

Nikola Tesla

2 not theirs

Not theirs
If you want to find the secrets of the universe, think in terms of energy, frequency and vibration.

Actually: No source in Tesla's articles, patents, interviews or autobiography has been found.

No source found
The present is theirs; the future, for which I really worked, is mine.

The trail: Widely quoted, but no original publication has been located.

Henry Ford

2 not theirs

Not theirs
If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses.

Actually: No evidence Ford said it; it appears only in the late 1990s.

No source found
Whether you think you can, or you think you can't — you're right.

The trail: Credited to Ford from 1947 onwards, without an original source.

Ernest Hemingway

2 not theirs

Not theirs
There is nothing to writing. All you do is sit down at a typewriter and bleed.

Actually: Quote Investigator traces the idea to sportswriter Red Smith, not Hemingway.

Not theirs
For sale: baby shoes, never worn.

Actually: The story of Hemingway writing this on a bet first appears decades after his death; versions of the ad circulated in newspapers from 1906.

G. K. Chesterton

2 not theirs

Misquoted
Fairy tales are more than true: not because they tell us that dragons exist, but because they tell us that dragons can be beaten.

The real words: Neil Gaiman's paraphrase (in Coraline, 2002) of Chesterton's essay "The Red Angel" in Tremendous Trifles (1909).

Not theirs
When men stop believing in God they don't believe in nothing; they believe in anything.

Actually: A summary of Chesterton's ideas by Émile Cammaerts (1937), not Chesterton's own sentence.

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

2 not theirs

Misquoted
If you want to build a ship, don't drum up the men to gather wood… teach them to long for the endless immensity of the sea.

The real words: A free modern paraphrase of a passage in Citadelle (1948). The ship-building wording is not his.

Not theirs
A goal without a plan is just a wish.

Actually: Not found in Saint-Exupéry's books; a modern business slogan.

Martin Luther

2 not theirs

No source found
Here I stand, I can do no other.

The trail: Printed in early editions of his speech at Worms (1521), but not in the transcripts of the hearing; he may never have said it.

Not theirs
Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree.

Actually: Not found in Luther's writings; it first appears in Germany in 1944.

Marilyn Monroe

2 not theirs

Not theirs
Well-behaved women seldom make history.

Actually: Historian Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, in an academic article (1976).

Not theirs
If you can't handle me at my worst, then you sure as hell don't deserve me at my best.

Actually: No source exists from her lifetime; it appeared online in the 2000s.

Oscar Wilde

1 not theirs

Not theirs
Be yourself; everyone else is already taken.

Actually: No trace in Wilde's works, letters or recorded conversation. It was attached to his name only in recent decades.

Friedrich Nietzsche

1 not theirs

Not theirs
And those who were seen dancing were thought to be insane by those who could not hear the music.

Actually: No source in Nietzsche's works; the attribution is modern.

Marcus Aurelius

1 not theirs

Misquoted
You have power over your mind — not outside events. Realize this, and you will find strength.

The real words: A modern paraphrase with no matching passage in the Meditations, though it summarises a Stoic idea fairly.

Seneca

1 not theirs

Not theirs
Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity.

Actually: Not in Seneca's works. The modern wording dates from the 20th century.

Epictetus

1 not theirs

Not theirs
Do not write so that you can be understood, write so that you cannot be misunderstood.

Actually: The Roman rhetorician Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 8.2.24 — about speakers, not writers.

Henry David Thoreau

1 not theirs

Misquoted
Go confidently in the direction of your dreams! Live the life you've imagined.

The real words: Poster version of Walden's Conclusion: "if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours."

Leo Tolstoy

1 not theirs

Not theirs
If you want to be happy, be.

Actually: From the aphorisms of Kozma Prutkov, a fictional author invented by Aleksey Tolstoy (a distant cousin) and friends.

Franz Kafka

1 not theirs

No source found
Anyone who keeps the ability to see beauty never grows old.

The trail: Comes from Gustav Janouch's Conversations with Kafka, a memoir scholars treat with heavy caution.

Michel de Montaigne

1 not theirs

No source found
My life has been full of terrible misfortunes, most of which never happened.

The trail: A popular compression; the idea is Montaigne-like, but this wording is not in the Essays.

Buddha

1 not theirs

Not theirs
Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one who gets burned.

Actually: Not in any Buddhist scripture. It is a modern paraphrase loosely based on a commentary by Buddhaghosa (5th century).

Cicero

1 not theirs

Misquoted
If you have a garden and a library, you have everything you need.

The real words: In a letter to Varro (Ad Familiares IX.4) he wrote: "If you have a garden in your library, nothing will be lacking." One garden, inside the library.

Dante Alighieri

1 not theirs

Not theirs
The hottest places in hell are reserved for those who, in times of great moral crisis, maintain their neutrality.

Actually: Popularised by John F. Kennedy, who credited Dante. The Inferno does put the neutral in Hell's vestibule, but this sentence is not in the poem.

Niccolò Machiavelli

1 not theirs

Misquoted
The end justifies the means.

The real words: Not in The Prince. Chapter 18 says that in the actions of princes "one judges by the result" — close in spirit, but the slogan is later.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

1 not theirs

Misquoted
Whatever you can do, or dream you can, begin it. Boldness has genius, power and magic in it.

The real words: A very free paraphrase of Faust by John Anster (1835), made famous by mountaineer W. H. Murray in 1951. Goethe's text says nothing like it.

Thomas Jefferson

1 not theirs

Not theirs
When the people fear the government, there is tyranny; when the government fears the people, there is liberty.

Actually: Monticello's research found no evidence Jefferson said it; it surfaces in the 20th century.

Edmund Burke

1 not theirs

Not theirs
The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.

Actually: Not found in Burke. The closest real lines are his "When bad men combine, the good must associate" (1770) and John Stuart Mill's 1867 "Bad men need nothing more… than that good men should look on and do nothing."

Karl Marx

1 not theirs

Misquoted
History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce.

The real words: From The Eighteenth Brumaire (1852), where Marx says Hegel forgot to add that great events happen twice: "the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce."

Charles Darwin

1 not theirs

Not theirs
It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change.

Actually: Leon C. Megginson, a management professor, paraphrasing Darwin in a 1963 speech.

George Eliot

1 not theirs

Not theirs
It is never too late to be what you might have been.

Actually: Not found in any of Eliot's novels, essays or letters. It was attached to her name in the late 20th century.

Lewis Carroll

1 not theirs

Misquoted
If you don't know where you are going, any road will get you there.

The real words: A later paraphrase. In Alice (ch. 6) the Cheshire Cat says that if you don't much care where you get to, "then it doesn't matter which way you go."

Robert Louis Stevenson

1 not theirs

Not theirs
Don't judge each day by the harvest you reap but by the seeds that you plant.

Actually: No source in Stevenson's works has been found; it appears under his name only in modern collections.

Anton Chekhov

1 not theirs

Misquoted
Don't tell me the moon is shining; show me the glint of light on broken glass.

The real words: A modern condensation of advice in an 1886 letter to his brother Alexander about describing a moonlit night.

Sigmund Freud

1 not theirs

Not theirs
Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar.

Actually: No source in Freud's writings or in reliable accounts of his conversation; it appears decades after his death.

Carl Jung

1 not theirs

Misquoted
What you resist persists.

The real words: A modern self-help slogan loosely based on Jung's ideas; the sentence is not in his works.

Theodore Roosevelt

1 not theirs

Not theirs
Comparison is the thief of joy.

Actually: No evidence Roosevelt said or wrote it; the attribution appears only in recent decades.

Leonardo da Vinci

1 not theirs

Not theirs
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.

Actually: Not in Leonardo's notebooks. The line appears in the 20th century, with no link to him.

Thomas Edison

1 not theirs

Misquoted
I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work.

The real words: A modern version. His biographers Dyer and Martin (1910) report him saying: "Why, man, I have gotten a lot of results! I know several thousand things that won't work."

Albert Camus

1 not theirs

Not theirs
Don't walk behind me; I may not lead. Don't walk in front of me; I may not follow. Just walk beside me and be my friend.

Actually: Not found in Camus' works; it is an old camp and scouting saying.

George Orwell

1 not theirs

Not theirs
In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth is a revolutionary act.

Actually: Not found in Orwell's works; it starts appearing under his name in the 1980s.

C. S. Lewis

1 not theirs

Not theirs
You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.

Actually: Associated with motivational speaker Les Brown; not found in Lewis's works.

Bertrand Russell

1 not theirs

Misquoted
The whole problem with the world is that fools and fanatics are always so certain of themselves, and wiser people so full of doubts.

The real words: Smoothed from his essay "The Triumph of Stupidity" (1933): "the stupid are cocksure while the intelligent are full of doubt."

Maya Angelou

1 not theirs

Misquoted
People will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.

The real words: An earlier version is in Carl W. Buehner's collection Richard Evans' Quote Book (1971). Angelou later used it, but she did not originate it.

Pablo Picasso

1 not theirs

No source found
Good artists copy, great artists steal.

The trail: Similar lines were written by T. S. Eliot (1920) and others; no reliable source ties this wording to Picasso.

Vincent van Gogh

1 not theirs

No source found
I dream my painting and I paint my dream.

The trail: Not found in his letters.

Hippocrates

1 not theirs

Not theirs
Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.

Actually: Not found in the Hippocratic writings; it appears in the 20th century.

Carl Sagan

1 not theirs

Not theirs
Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known.

Actually: Journalist Sharon Begley, describing Sagan in Newsweek (1977).

Richard Feynman

1 not theirs

Misquoted
If you think you understand quantum mechanics, you don't understand quantum mechanics.

The real words: In The Character of Physical Law (1965) he said: "I think I can safely say that nobody understands quantum mechanics."

H. L. Mencken

1 not theirs

Misquoted
For every complex problem there is an answer that is clear, simple, and wrong.

The real words: Smoothed from Prejudices: Second Series (1920): "there is always a well-known solution to every human problem — neat, plausible, and wrong."